The band at each short end of a knotted rug, between the last row of pile and the fringe, woven with weft only. The weaver passes extra weft through the warp there several times, without knots, to secure the pile and give the ends a tighter, stronger finish. It is a finishing detail of a pile rug, not a kilim rug in its own right; a fringe that has to be hidden can be tied back against it on the reverse. In Bijar rugs the fringe at this end is often braided.
A method of displaying a rug on a wall as a work of art; any style, tribal or floral as well as pictorial, can be hung. Strips of strong, adhesive-free cotton fabric (for a wide rug, for example three of about 24 by 4 inches, or 61 by 10 cm; for a small rug, one strip set about 1 inch, or 2.5 cm, in from each end) are hand-stitched to the back about 2 inches (5 cm) below the top, clear of the fringe or kilim end, with stitches every 1/2 to 1 inch (1.3-2.5 cm), and folded into a pocket. A wood or metal dowel slid through the pocket rests on wall hooks strong enough to carry the weight, which avoids damaging the rug.
The two thread systems that make up a carpet's foundation: the warp, the vertical threads strung on the loom first, and the weft, the horizontal threads passed through them between rows of knots. The foundation is usually cotton, though wool is common in tribal and older rugs and silk in very fine ones. Single-weft rugs, standard in the greater Hamadan area, show zigzag rows of white warp dots on the back and have a thinner pile, whereas double-weft construction, standard in fine, tightly woven rugs and in Bijar and Heriz, hides the warp and gives a thicker, denser pile. The warp ends form the fringe, and extra weft passes at each end form the flat-woven kilim end that secures the pile.